TRANSPORTATION
Roads:
Driving regulations in Venezuela are similar to those in the United States, although many drivers do not obey them. Defensive driving is a necessity. Motorcyclists often weave in and out of lanes and cars, so caution is advised. Child car seats and seatbelts are not required and are seldom available in rental cars and taxis.
Outside the major cities, night driving can be dangerous because of unmarked road damage or repairs in progress, unlighted vehicles, and livestock. Even in urban areas, road damage is often marked by a pile of rocks or sticks left by passersby near or in the pothole or crevice, without flares or other devices to highlight the danger.
Traffic jams are common within Caracas during most of the day and are frequently exploited by criminals. Armed motorcycle gangs often operate in traffic jams and tend to escape easily. Cases of armed robbery by motorcyclists and theft of other motorcycles have increased and may result in death if the victim does not comply.
Stops at National Guard and local police checkpoints are mandatory. Drivers should follow all National Guard instructions and be prepared to show vehicle and insurance papers and passports.
Railroads:
Rail transportation is concentrated in the northern states of Lara, Miranda, Carabobo, Aragua, and Yaracuy, with branches connecting the principal seaports with the important cities of the central highlands.
There were 682 km (424 mi) of track in 2002, 434 km (270 mi) of which were owned and operated by the government. Much of the equipment is antiquated, and the linking of lines is difficult because of the different gauges in use.
The government planned in the early 1980s to build a 3,900-km (2,420-mi) railroad network by the end of the decade; however, the financial crisis that began in 1983 has scaled the program down to 2,000 km (1,200 mi) over 20 years. The first 7.2-km (4.5-mi) section of a government-financed metro line in Caracas was opened in 1983.
Aviation:
In 2001, there were 372 airports, 127 of which had paved runways. Venezuela has three main airlines, the government-owned Aerovías Venezolanas S.A. (AVENSA), Línea Aeropostal Venezolana (LAV), and Venezolana Internacional de Aviación, S.A. (VIASA); VIASA, an overseas service, is jointly run by AVENSA and LAV.
A new airline, Aeronaves Del Centro, began domestic flights in 1980. The government has expanded Simón Bolívar International Airport at Maiquetía, near Caracas, to accommodate heavy jet traffic. In 2001, 4,051,700 passengers were carried on scheduled domestic and international airline flights.